Ama-bolts, ama-booster, ama-breast augmentation kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini oyibiza ngokuthi ukufakelwa kwebele, akubhekwa njengezimangaliso zezokwelapha, noma ngisho nemisebenzi eyingozi ngokukhethekile.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi okungenani abesifazane abangu-300,000 bakhuliswa ibele ngo-2014, futhi odokotela abahlinzayo banamuhla bagcizelela ukubukeka "kwemvelo", okungabonakali kungahambisani ngokomzimba.Ungawafaka ngaphansi kwekhwapha ukuze unciphise izibazi, futhi ungakhetha umumo oyindilinga noma “we-teardrop” ukulingana nezimbambo nomzimba wakho.Namuhla, abanikazi bamabele abaneshwa banezinketho eziningi zokuhlinzwa abake baba nazo-kodwa amabele abo amasha anomlando omude kakhulu futhi ongajwayelekile.
Namuhla, ukufakelwa kwebele kuthathwa njengento evamile ekuhlinzweni, futhi kuvame ukuba yizindaba kuphela uma kunokuthile okungajwayelekile-njengowesifazane ohlakaniphile owazama ukushushumbisa i-cocaine emzimbeni wakhe ngo-2011. Kodwa uma indaba eyinqaba oyizwile ngebele izimila zihlanganisa ukuqhuma okumangalisayo, noma izenzakalo "zokwehla kwamandla emali" ongazilungisa usebenzisa ama-valve afihliwe, hlala uthule: umlando walezi zingane ugcwele izinto eziqanjiwe, iDrama nezinye izinto ezingavamile kakhulu.
Lokhu akukona okokucanuzela kwenhliziyo-kodwa uma ufuna ukuqonda ukuthi izinketho zakho zokukhulisa ibele azibandakanyi imijovo kapharafini noma izimila ezenziwe ngoqwanga lwezinkomo, khona-ke lo mlando wokufakelwa kwebele ngowakho.
Izimila zebele zingase zibe zindala kunalokho ocabanga ngakho.Ukuhlinzwa kokuqala kokufakelwa kwenziwa eNyuvesi yase-Heidelberg, eJalimane ngo-1895, kodwa kwakungeyona injongo yezimonyo ngempela.Udokotela uVincent Czerny ukhipha amafutha ezinqeni zesiguli sesifazane awafake ebeleni.Ngemva kokukhipha i-adenoma noma isimila esikhulu esiyingozi, isifuba sidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha.
Ngakho ngokuyisisekelo “ukufakelwa” kokuqala akukona okokukhulisa iyunifomu nhlobo, kodwa okokwakhiwa kabusha kwebele ngemva kokuhlinzwa okulimazayo.Encazelweni yakhe yokuhlinzwa okuyimpumelelo, u-Czerny uthe “ukugwema i-asymmetry”-kodwa ukuphishekela okulula kokwenza abesifazane bazizwe belinganisele ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwakha inguquko.
Umzimba wokuqala wangaphandle ojovwe ebeleni ukuze ulenze libe likhulu kungenzeka kube upharafini.Itholakala ngezinguqulo ezifudumele nezithambile futhi ikakhulukazi yakhiwe nge-petroleum jelly.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ukukhulisa ubukhulu bezinto zomzimba kwatholwa udokotela ohlinzayo wase-Austria uRobert Gesurny, owayisebenzisa kuqala emasendeni amasosha ukuze abe nempilo enhle.Ephefumulelwe, waqhubeka nokuyisebenzisela imijovo yokwandisa amabele.
inkinga?I-wax kapharafini inomphumela omubi emzimbeni.“Iresiphi” likaGesurny (ingxenye eyodwa ye-petroleum jelly, izingxenye ezintathu zikawoyela we-olive) nezinhlobonhlobo zalo zabukeka zizinhle eminyakeni embalwa, kodwa-ke yonke into yahamba kabi kakhulu.Upharafini ungenza noma yini, kusukela ekwenzeni isigaxa esikhulu esingangeneki kuye ekubangeleni izilonda ezinkulu noma okuholela ekuphuphuthekeni ngokuphelele.Iziguli ngokuvamile zidinga ukunqunywa ngokuphelele ukuze zisindise ukuphila kwazo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimila zikapharafini zisanda kuqubuka kabusha eTurkey naseNdiya…epipini.Abantu bebezijova emakhaya ngendlela yokukhulisa isitho sangasese, okuyinto eshaqise odokotela, okuzwakalayo.Amazwi avela kwabahlakaniphileyo: musani ukwenza lokhu.
NgokukaWalter Peters noVictor Fornasier, emlandweni wabo wokukhulisa amabele owabhalelwa I-Journal of Plastic Surgery ngo-2009, isikhathi esisuka eMpini Yezwe I kuya eMpini Yezwe II sasigcwele izivivinyo zokuhlinzwa zokukhulisa ibele eziyinqaba-ngakho Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizokwenza. isikhumba sakho siyanyakaza.
Bakhumbula ukuthi abantu babesebenzisa “amabhola ezindlovu, amabhola engilazi, amafutha emifino, amafutha amaminerali, i-lanolin, ingcina yezinyosi, i-shellac, indwangu kasilika, i-epoxy resin, irabha egayiwe, uqwanga lwezinkomo, isipontshi, isaka, irabha, ubisi lwembuzi, iTeflon, ubhontshisi wesoya namantongomane. amafutha, nengilazi putty.”Yebo.Lesi inkathi yokusungula izinto ezintsha, kodwa njengoba bekulindelekile, ayikho kulezi zindlela eseyidumile, futhi izinga lokutheleleka kwangemva kokuhlinzwa liphezulu.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi izifebe zaseJapane ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II zazama ukwanelisa ukunambitheka kwamasosha aseMelika ngokujova izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihlanganisa i-silicon ewuketshezi emabeleni abo.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-silicon ngaleso sikhathi kwakungahlanzekile, futhi ezinye izithasiselo eziklanyelwe "ukuqukatha" i-silicon esifubeni zengezwa kule nqubo-njenge-cobra venom noma amafutha omnqumo-futhi imiphumela yaba mibi ngokumangalisayo kamuva.
Ukukhathazeka okungathi sína nge-silicon ewuketshezi ukuthi izoqhekeka futhi yakhe ama-granulomas, angase afudukele kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba ayikhethayo.I-silicone ewuketshezi isasetshenziswa—kusetshenziswa amanani amancane kakhulu, futhi kusetshenziswa i-silicone yebanga lezokwelapha eyinyumba kuphela—kodwa iyimpikiswano enkulu futhi ingase ibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.Ngakho-ke, ukuzwelana kwabesifazane abasebenzisa i-silicone ewuketshezi Ukubhukuda ezungeze imizimba yabo.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950 kwakuyinkathi yegolide yokukhulisa amabele-kahle, uhlobo.Igqugquzelwa ubuhle besifuba esicijile seshumi leminyaka elidlule, imibono emisha kanye nokusungulwa kwezinto zokutshala kwavela ngokushesha njengoba izinto ezatholwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II zazitholakala ukuze zisetshenziswe umphakathi.Esinye isipontshi se-Ivalon esenziwe nge-polyethylene;enye i-polyethylene tape esongwe ebholeni futhi isongwe ngendwangu noma i-polyethylene eyengeziwe.(I-polyethylene ayizange iqale ukukhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano kuze kube ngu-1951.)
Nokho, nakuba zingcono kakhulu kune-wax kapharafini ngoba azikubulali kancane kancane, azilungele ukubukeka kwamabele akho.Ngemuva konyaka wokunyakaziswa okumnandi, aqine njengamatshe futhi ashwabene isifuba sakho-ngokuvamile sishwabana size sifike ku-25%.Kuvele ukuthi isipontshi sabo sawela ngqo ebeleni.Hawu.
Izimila zebele manje esizaziyo-i-silicon njengento enamathelayo “esikhwameni”-zaqala ukuvela ngeminyaka yawo-1960 futhi zathuthukiswa uDkt. Thomas Cronin kanye nozakwabo uFrank Gerow (kubikwa ukuthi zenziwa ngepulasitiki Isikhwama segazi sizwakala. ngendlela exakile njengamabele).
Ngokumangalisayo, ukufakelwa kwamabele kwahlolwa okokuqala ezinjeni.Yebo, umnikazi wokuqala wamabele e-silicon kwakuyinja okuthiwa u-Esmerelda, owawahlola ngomusa.Uma engaqali ukuhlafuna ama-sutures ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, uzowagcina isikhathi eside.Ngokusobala, u-Esmerelda ompofu akazange athintwe ukuhlinzwa (Ngiyakungabaza).
Umuntu wokuqala owafakelwa ibele le-silicon kwakungu-Timmy Jean Lindsay, wase-Texan, owaya esibhedlela sokusiza abantulayo eyokhipha ama-tattoo amabele, kodwa wavuma ukuba umuntu wokuqala wezokwelapha emhlabeni.ULindsay, 83, usenazo izimila nanamuhla.
Ama-saline implants—ukusetshenziswa kwengxube ye-saline esikhundleni sokugcwalisa ijeli ye-silica—aqala ukuvela ngo-1964 lapho inkampani yaseFrance iwakhiqiza njengezikhwama eziqinile ze-silicone lapho usawoti ungajovwa khona.Umehluko omkhulu ngokufakwa kwe-saline ukuthi unenketho: ungawagcwalisa kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokufakwa, noma udokotela ohlinzayo "angakwazi ukuwagcwalisa" ngemva kokuwafaka esikhwameni, njengoba nje empompa umoya ethayini.
Isikhathi lapho izitho zokufakelwa zamanzi anosawoti zikhanya ngempela kwakungo-1992, lapho i-FDA ikhipha umthetho omkhulu wokuvinjelwa kwazo zonke izitho zokwenziwa zamabele ezigcwele abicah, zikhathazeka ngezingozi zazo zezempilo ezingase zibe khona, futhi ekugcineni ivimbele inkampani ekuzithengiseni ngokuphelele.Ama-saline implants enza lokhu kushiyeka, u-95% wawo wonke ama-implants ngemva kokumiswa ane-saline.
Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kubanda, i-silicon yavunyelwa ukuthi iphinde isetshenziswe ekufakweni kwebele ngo-2006-kodwa ngendlela entsha.Ngemuva kweminyaka yocwaningo nokuhlola, i-FDA ekugcineni yavumela izimila ezigcwele asilicone ukuthi zingene emakethe yase-US.Bona kanye ne-saline evamile manje kuyizinketho ezimbili zokuhlinzwa kwesimanje kokukhulisa ibele.
I-silicone yanamuhla iklanyelwe ukufana namafutha omuntu: iwugqinsi, iyanamathela, futhi ihlukaniswa ngokuthi “iqinile kancane.”Empeleni isizukulwane sesihlanu sokufakelwa kwe-silicon-isizukulwane sokuqala sathuthukiswa ngabakwaCronin kanye noGerow, ngezinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa ukumbozwa okuphephile, amajeli aminyene kanye nokwakheka kwemvelo okwengeziwe.
Yini elandelayo?Kubonakala sengathi sibuyele esikhathini "somjovo wesifuba", ngoba abantu bafuna izindlela zokwandisa usayizi wenkomishi ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.Kuthatha amahora ambalwa ukujova i-macrolane yokugcwalisa, kodwa imiphumela ingahlala izinyanga eziyi-12 kuye kweziyi-18 kuphela.Nokho, kunokungqubuzana okuthile: izazi ze-radiologists abazi ukuthi selashwe kanjani isifuba sika-Macrolane uma kudingeka ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali.
Kubonakala sengathi ama-implants azoqhubeka nokuba khona-kodwa sicela uqhubeke nokunaka lokho azosungula ngokulandelayo ukuphakamisa ibele kusayizi we-stratospheric.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2021